METALS AND NON METALS CLASS X

  CH 3, METALS AND NON METALS CLASS X

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YFCNdmt0Olfs3Fl7hCVqLZi1LaGe_5-R/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=103037571619402784932&rtpof=true&sd=true

EXCRETORY SYSTEM CLASS X

STRUCTURE AND  FUNCTION OF NEPHRON

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsSdAXv5BEM&feature=youtu.be

Periodic classification of elements Class X

How to find out group and period no of an element
https://youtu.be/P32p1vqOpqY




https://youtu.be/O4g_GLACbbc

CBSE Class 9 Science, Improvement in Food Resources -1, Improvement of C...

Biology Improvement in Food Resources part 1 (Introduction) CBSE class 9 IX

Chemistry - Uses of common salt (NaCl) - Acids, bases and salts -class x Part 7...

CBSE Class 9 Science, Improvement in Food Resources -1, Improvement of C...

Improvements in Food Resources : Class 9 IX Science

CLASS X, Convex and concave Lenses - Physics - Eureka.in

LIGHT ; It's Types & Properties | Physics | Science CLASS X

The 10 Most AMAZING Chemical Reactions (with Reactions)

water conservation 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=0Am9JPfuNsw#t=23s

Laundry, and Dishes

• 1994 was the year that federally mandated low-flow showerheads, faucets, and toilets started to appear on the scene in significant numbers.
• On average, 10 gallons per day of your water footprint (or 14% of your indoor use) is lost to leaks. Short of installing new water-efficient fixtures, one of the easiest, most effective ways to cut your footprint is by repairing leaky faucets and toilets.
• If you use a low-flow showerhead, you can save 15 gallons of water during a 10-minute shower.
• Every time you shave minutes off your use of hot water, you also save energy and keep dollars in your pocket.
• It takes about 70 gallons of water to fill a bathtub, so showers are generally the more water-efficient way to bathe.
• All of those flushes can add up to nearly 20 gallons a day down the toilet. If you still have a standard toilet, which uses close to 3.5 gallons a flush, you can save by retrofitting or filling your tank with something that will displace some of that water, such as a brick.
• Most front-loading machines are energy- and water-efficient, using just over 20 gallons a load, while most top-loading machines, unless they are energy-efficient, use 40 gallons per load.
• Nearly 22% of indoor home water use comes from doing laundry. Save water by making sure to adjust the settings on your machine to the proper load size.
• Dishwashing is a relatively small part of your water footprint—less than 2% of indoor use—but there are always ways to conserve. Using a machine is actually more water efficient than hand washing, especially if you run full loads.
• Energy Star dishwashers use about 4 gallons of water per load, and even standard machines use only about 6 gallons. Hand washing generally uses about 20 gallons of water each time.

Yards and Pools

• Nearly 60% of a person's household water footprint can go toward lawn and garden maintenance.
• Climate counts—where you live plays a role in how much water you use, especially when it comes to tending to a yard.
• The average pool takes 22,000 gallons of water to fill, and if you don't cover it, hundreds of gallons of water per month can be lost due to evaporation.

Diet

• The water it takes to produce the average American diet alone—approximately 1,000 gallons per person per day—is more than the global average water footprint of 900 gallons per person per day for diet, household use, transportation, energy, and the consumption of material goods.
• That quarter pounder is worth more than 30 average American showers. One of the easiest ways to slim your water footprint is to eat less meat and dairy. Another way is to choose grass-fed, rather than grain-fed, since it can take a lot of water to grow corn and other feed crops.
• A serving of poultry costs about 90 gallons of water to produce. There are also water costs embedded in the transportation of food (gasoline costs water to make). So, consider how far your food has to travel, and buy local to cut your water footprint.
• Pork costs water to produce, and traditional pork production—to make your sausage, bacon, and chops—has also been the cause of some water pollution, as pig waste runs into local water sources.
• On average, a vegan, a person who doesn't eat meat or dairy, indirectly consumes nearly 600 gallons of water per day less than a person who eats the average American diet.
• A cup of coffee takes 55 gallons of water to make, with most of that H2O used to grow the coffee beans.

Electricity, Fuel Economy, and Airline Travel

• The water footprint of your per-day electricity use is based on state averages. If you use alternative energies such as wind and solar, your footprint could be less. (The use of biofuels, however, if they are heavily irrigated, could be another story.) You would also get points, or a footprint reduction, for using energy-star appliances and taking other energy-efficiency measures.
• Washing a car uses about 150 gallons of water, so by washing less frequently you can cut back your water use.
• A gallon of gasoline takes nearly 13 gallons of water to produce. Combine your errands, car pool to work, or take public transportation to reduce both your energy and water use.
• Flying from Los Angeles to San Francisco, about 700 miles round-trip, could cost you more than 9,000 gallons of water, or enough for almost 2,000 average dishwasher loads.
• A cross-country airplane trip (about 6,000 miles) could be worth more than 1,700 standard toilet flushes.
• Traveling from Chicago to Istanbul is just about 10,000 miles round trip, costing enough water to run electricity in the average American home for one person for more than five years.

Industry—Apparel, Home Furnishings, Electronics, and Paper

• According to recent reports, nearly 5% of all U.S. water withdrawals are used to fuel industry and the production of many of the material goods we stock up on weekly, monthly, and yearly.
• It takes about 100 gallons of water to grow and process a single pound of cotton, and the average American goes through about 35 pounds of new cotton material each year. Do you really need that additional T-shirt?
• One of the best ways to conserve water is to buy recycled goods, and to recycle your stuff when you’re done with it. Or, stick to buying only what you really need.
• The water required to create your laptop could wash nearly 70 loads of laundry in a standard machine.
• Recycling a pound of paper, less than the weight of your average newspaper, saves about 3.5 gallons of water. Buying recycled paper products saves water too, as it takes about six gallons of water to produce a dollar worth of paper.

TRADITIONAL INDIAN METHODS TO CONSERVE WATER

SOURCES OF WATER

River, Pond, Lakes, Seas, Ocean, Ground-Water etc.

Management Of Water Resources:-

It Includes:

1.Transfer of surplus water to water-deficit  basins by inter-linking of rivers.

2.Recharging of ground-water

3. Mass Awareness programmes.

SWAMI VIVEKANANDA

Essence of education

Swami Vivekananda believed education is the manifestation of perfection already in men. He thought it a pity that the existing system of education did not enable a person to stand on his own feet, nor did it teach him self-confidence and self-respect. To Vivekananda, education was not only collection of information, but something more meaningful; he felt education should be man-making, life giving and character-building. To him education was an assimilation of noble ideas.

“

Education is not the amount of information that we put into your brain and runs riot there, undigested, all your life. We must have life building, man making, character making assimilation of ideas. If you have assimilated five ideas and made them your life and character, you have more education than any man who has got by heart a whole library...

Positive education

Swami Vivekananda stressed on giving the public only positive education, because negative thoughts weaken men. Swami Vivekananda told, if young boys and girls are encouraged and are not unnecessarily criticized all the time, they are bound to improve in time.

National integration

According to Swami Vivekananda it is will, it is the integration that is the power.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teachings_and_philosophy_of_Swami_Vivekananda)

 ^{Bridge between the East and the West: Another great contribution of Swami Vivekananda was to build a bridge between Indian culture and Western culture. He did it by interpreting Hindu scriptures and philosophy and the Hindu way of life and institutions to the Western people in an idiom which they could understand. He made the Western people realize that they had to learn much from Indian spirituality for their own well-being. He showed that, in spite of her poverty and backwardness, India had a great contribution to make to world culture. In this way he was instrumental in ending India’s cultural isolation from the rest of the world. He was India’s first great cultural ambassador to the West.}

(http://www.belurmath.org/swamivivekananda.htm)

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN EYE-1

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN EYE

IMPORTANT POINTS

 Eye lens  --- double convex lens 

The retina --- contains numerous light sensitive cells which  generate electrical signals which are sent to brain via optic nerve

 Cornea---The transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye.

 Iris--The coloured diaphragm between the cornea and lens.

Pupil ---The small hole in the iris.

 Eye lens---  It is a transparent lens made of jelly like material.

 Ciliary muscles--These muscles hold the lens in position.

 Retina--The back surface of the eye.

Blind spot--The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye. An image formed at this point is not sent to the brain.

 Aqueous humour---A clear liquid region between the cornea and the lens.

 Vitreous humour--The space between eye lens and retina is is filled with another liquid called Vitreous humour.

Persistence of vision--The image of an object seen persists on the retina for 1/16 second even after the removal of the object. This continuance of sensation of eye for some timed is called persistence of vision.

Colour blindness-- It is said to occur when a person cannot distinguish between colours

Accomodation--The ability of the eye to focus both near and distant objects, by adjusting the focal length, is called the accommodation of the eye.

Far Point of the Eye-- It is the farthest point at which the object can be seen clearly. For a normal eye, the far point lies at infinity.

Near point of the Eye-- It is the closest point at which an object can be seen clearly. For normal eye, the near point lies at 25 cm from the eye(least distance of distinct vision).

WATER CONSERVATIO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=0Am9JPfuNsw#t=23s

Laundry, and Dishes

• 1994 was the year that federally mandated low-flow showerheads, faucets, and toilets started to appear on the scene in significant numbers.
• On average, 10 gallons per day of your water footprint (or 14% of your indoor use) is lost to leaks. Short of installing new water-efficient fixtures, one of the easiest, most effective ways to cut your footprint is by repairing leaky faucets and toilets.
• If you use a low-flow showerhead, you can save 15 gallons of water during a 10-minute shower.
• Every time you shave minutes off your use of hot water, you also save energy and keep dollars in your pocket.
• It takes about 70 gallons of water to fill a bathtub, so showers are generally the more water-efficient way to bathe.
• All of those flushes can add up to nearly 20 gallons a day down the toilet. If you still have a standard toilet, which uses close to 3.5 gallons a flush, you can save by retrofitting or filling your tank with something that will displace some of that water, such as a brick.
• Most front-loading machines are energy- and water-efficient, using just over 20 gallons a load, while most top-loading machines, unless they are energy-efficient, use 40 gallons per load.
• Nearly 22% of indoor home water use comes from doing laundry. Save water by making sure to adjust the settings on your machine to the proper load size.
• Dishwashing is a relatively small part of your water footprint—less than 2% of indoor use—but there are always ways to conserve. Using a machine is actually more water efficient than hand washing, especially if you run full loads.
• Energy Star dishwashers use about 4 gallons of water per load, and even standard machines use only about 6 gallons. Hand washing generally uses about 20 gallons of water each time.

Yards and Pools

• Nearly 60% of a person's household water footprint can go toward lawn and garden maintenance.
• Climate counts—where you live plays a role in how much water you use, especially when it comes to tending to a yard.
• The average pool takes 22,000 gallons of water to fill, and if you don't cover it, hundreds of gallons of water per month can be lost due to evaporation.

Diet

• The water it takes to produce the average American diet alone—approximately 1,000 gallons per person per day—is more than the global average water footprint of 900 gallons per person per day for diet, household use, transportation, energy, and the consumption of material goods.
• That quarter pounder is worth more than 30 average American showers. One of the easiest ways to slim your water footprint is to eat less meat and dairy. Another way is to choose grass-fed, rather than grain-fed, since it can take a lot of water to grow corn and other feed crops.
• A serving of poultry costs about 90 gallons of water to produce. There are also water costs embedded in the transportation of food (gasoline costs water to make). So, consider how far your food has to travel, and buy local to cut your water footprint.
• Pork costs water to produce, and traditional pork production—to make your sausage, bacon, and chops—has also been the cause of some water pollution, as pig waste runs into local water sources.
• On average, a vegan, a person who doesn't eat meat or dairy, indirectly consumes nearly 600 gallons of water per day less than a person who eats the average American diet.
• A cup of coffee takes 55 gallons of water to make, with most of that H2O used to grow the coffee beans.

Electricity, Fuel Economy, and Airline Travel

• The water footprint of your per-day electricity use is based on state averages. If you use alternative energies such as wind and solar, your footprint could be less. (The use of biofuels, however, if they are heavily irrigated, could be another story.) You would also get points, or a footprint reduction, for using energy-star appliances and taking other energy-efficiency measures.
• Washing a car uses about 150 gallons of water, so by washing less frequently you can cut back your water use.
• A gallon of gasoline takes nearly 13 gallons of water to produce. Combine your errands, car pool to work, or take public transportation to reduce both your energy and water use.
• Flying from Los Angeles to San Francisco, about 700 miles round-trip, could cost you more than 9,000 gallons of water, or enough for almost 2,000 average dishwasher loads.
• A cross-country airplane trip (about 6,000 miles) could be worth more than 1,700 standard toilet flushes.
• Traveling from Chicago to Istanbul is just about 10,000 miles round trip, costing enough water to run electricity in the average American home for one person for more than five years.

Industry—Apparel, Home Furnishings, Electronics, and Paper

• According to recent reports, nearly 5% of all U.S. water withdrawals are used to fuel industry and the production of many of the material goods we stock up on weekly, monthly, and yearly.
• It takes about 100 gallons of water to grow and process a single pound of cotton, and the average American goes through about 35 pounds of new cotton material each year. Do you really need that additional T-shirt?
• One of the best ways to conserve water is to buy recycled goods, and to recycle your stuff when you’re done with it. Or, stick to buying only what you really need.
• The water required to create your laptop could wash nearly 70 loads of laundry in a standard machine.
• Recycling a pound of paper, less than the weight of your average newspaper, saves about 3.5 gallons of water. Buying recycled paper products saves water too, as it takes about six gallons of water to produce a dollar worth of paper.

TRADITIONAL WATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS IN INDIA

    Water harvesting means capturing rain water where it falls or capturing the run off water. TANKS IN RAJASTHAN

Tanks (small tank) are underground tanks, found traditionally in most Bikaner houses. They are built in the main house or in the courtyard. They were circular holes made in the ground, lined with fine polished lime, in which raiwater was collected. Tankas were often beautifully decorated with tiles, which helped to keep the water cool. The water was used only for drinking. If in any year there was less than normal rainfall and the tankas did not get filled, water from nearby wells and tanks would be obtained to fill the household tankas. In this way, the people of Bikaner were able to meet their water requirements. The tanka system is also to be found in the pilgrim town of Dwarka where it has been in existence for centuries. It continues to be used in residential areas, temples, dharamshalas and hotels.

KHADIN IN RAJASTHAN

A khadin, also called a dhora, is an ingenious construction designed to harvest surface runoff water for agriculture. Its main feature is a very long (100-300 m) earthen embankment built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands. Sluices and spillways allow excess water to drain off. The khadin system is based on the principle of harvesting rainwater on farmland and subsequent use of this water-saturated land for crop production.

BANDHARAS IN MAHARASHTRA 

These are check dams or diversion were built across rivers. A traditional system found in Maharashtra, their presence raises the water level of the rivers so that it begins to flow into channels. They are also used to impound water and form a large reservoir. Where a bandhara was built across a small stream, the water supply would usually last for a few months after the rains. They are built either by villagers or by private persons who received rent-free land in return for their public act
Most Bandharas are defunct today. A very few are still in use.

aaaAHAR AND PYNES IN BIHARDa                                                      This traditional floodwater harvesting system is indigenous to south Bihar.

In south Bihar, the terrain has a marked slope -- 1 m per km -- from south to north. The soil here is sandy and does not retain water. Groundwater levels are low. Rivers in this region swell only during the monsoon, but the water is swiftly carried away or percolates down into the sand. All these factors make floodwater harvesting the best option here, to which this system is admirably suited.
An ahar is a catchment basin embanked on three sides, the 'fourth' side being the natural gradient of the land itself. Ahar beds were also used to grow a rabi(winter) crop after draining out the excess water that remained after kharif(summer) cultivation.Pynes are articifial channels constructed to utilise river water in agricultural fields. Starting out from the river, pynes meander through fields to end up in an ahar. Most pynes flow within 10 km of a river and their length is not more than 20 km.

PONDS IN JAMMU

The water of these ponds was used for crop cultivation in summer when there was a water shortage. The village boys would bathe in the ponds and learn swimming for hours. During winter, when water in the pipes would freeze for weeks, people used the pond water for domestic purposes, while cattle also drank the same water.“We had preserved these small ponds in our village to meet the demand of water in times of crisis. Alas, this is no more available to us,” said Ghulam Rasool, an elderly resident of the village.